Finding aid for the Harold H. Burton-Edward Blythin Papers


Repository: Western Reserve Historical Society
Creator: Burton, Harold H. and Blythin, Edward
Title: Harold H. Burton-Edward Blythin Papers
Dates: 1933-1941
Extent: 8.20 linear feet (9 containers)
Abstract: Harold H. Burton (1888-1964) was mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (1935-1940). When he was elected to the United States Senate in 1940 he chose Edward Blythin (1884-1958) to fill the remainder of his last term as mayor (1941). The collection consists of office files of the mayor of Cleveland containing correspondence, reports, speeches, proclamations, and newspaper clippings, relating to routine administrative matters and topics of special interest.
MS Number MS 3828
Location: closed stacks
Language: The records are in English

Biography of Harold H. Burton and Edward Blythin

Harold Hitz Burton (1888-1964) was born in Jamaica Plains, Massachusetts. His father, Alfred E. Burton, was a scientist and dean of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Burton entered Bowdoin College in 1905 and established an excellent record as a student and athlete. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1909 and enrolled in Harvard Law School, receiving his degree there in 1912.

Burton first came to Cleveland, Ohio in 1911 while still a student at Harvard, taking a summer job as an electrical lineman. After graduation in 1912, he returned to Cleveland and joined the law firm of Gage, Wilbur and Wachner. Two years later he accompanied Rollin Wilbur, a partner in the firm, to Utah where Wilbur had been retained as attorney to the Utah Light and Traction Company. Burton subsequently received appointments as attorney for the Idaho Power Company and the Boise Traction Company.

With the outbreak of World War I, Burton interrupted his legal career and enlisted in the army. He served with distinction in the 361st Regiment of the 91st Division, seeing action in the Argonne Campaign. After the armistice he retained an interest in the military and played an active part in the American Legion, serving as the chairman of its Cuyahoga County Council in 1926 and 1927.

Burton returned to Cleveland after the war and resumed legal practice with the firm of Day, Day, and Wilkin. During the 1920s he became increasingly active in community affairs. Besides his work with the American Legion, he served as president of the First Unitarian Church, a member of the East Cleveland Board of Education, and a member of the Citizens Committee on Regional Government. He also served as an instructor in corporation law at the Law School of Western Reserve University from 1923 to 1925. In 1925 he formed his own law firm, Cull, Burton and Laughlin.

By the late 1920s, Burton had begun to be active in political affairs. His excellent reputation as a lawyer and concerned citizen placed him in good stead when seeking office. In 1928 he was elected to the Ohio state house of representatives with backing of the Committee on Regional Government. The following year, he was appointed law director of the city of Cleveland, and in 1932 he served a short term as Acting City Manager.

When the city manager form of government was discarded in late 1932, Burton served as Acting Mayor of Cleveland for three months prior to a new election. He did not run in the election, and subsequently returned to private law practice with the firm of Andrews, Hadden and Burton.

Burton again entered political life in 1935, running for mayor of Cleveland as an independent Republican. In addition to the economic problems engendered by the Great Depression, Cleveland suffered from a variety of urban ills in the 1930s, including police graft, the spoils system, and racketeering. Despite the overwhelming power of the Democratic Party on both the local and national level, Burton's promises of reform and his personal integrity brought about his election to office in a three-way race.

Throughout his tenure as mayor, 1935-1940, Burton worked to free the city from its problems. His appointment of Eliot Ness as Safety Director led to the complete reorganization of the police department and the demise of organized crime in the city. Despite his party affiliation, he worked well with the Democratic federal government in administering New Deal reforms in the city and thus helped to relieve some of the economic problems of the city. Similarly, he advocated projects such as lake front development, river improvements, and the Great Lakes Exposition which not only employed people, but helped to beautify and modernize the city. His successful re-election campaigns in 1937 and 1939 testified to the broad support his administration received.

In 1940, Burton entered national politics, seeking election as a senator from Ohio. Despite his lack of support from the state Republican organization, he was successful in this attempt. He served as senator from 1940 to 1945 and was active on the Military Affairs Committee and the War Investigating Committee.

His service on the latter committee greatly impressed its chairman, Harry Truman. As president, Truman remembered Burton and appointed him an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in September 1945. Burton served on the court until his retirement in 1958. He died in Washington, D. C. in October 1964.

When Burton was elected to the United States Senate in 1940, he had to choose a successor to fill his term as mayor of Cleveland. Under the city charter, the law director assumed the mayor's duties upon the mayor's death or resignation. However, the law director was Henry S. Brainard, a Democrat who had been appointed only after Burton had promised the local Republican party that Brainard would not succeed to the post of mayor. As a consequence, Burton chose Edward Blythin (1884-1958), the chief assistant law director, as his successor.

Edward Blythin was the first immigrant to hold the office of mayor of Cleveland, having been born in Newmarket, North Wales. After attending secondary school in Wales and working as a bookkeeper for an English coal company from 1904-1906, he immigrated to the United States. From 1906-1916, he worked for a Cleveland real estate firm while studying law at night. Blythin was naturalized in 1911 and married Jane Rankin in 1913. Upon receiving his degree from Cleveland Law School in 1916, he went into the practice of law. Blythin served as assistant law director for the City of Cleveland from 1935-1940. On December 30, 1940, Henry S. Brainard resigned his position as law director and Mayor Burton appointed Blythin to the post. The next day, Burton resigned as mayor and Blythin succeeded him. At the same time, Acting Law Director Joseph H. Crowley swore Brainard in as law director.

Blythin served eleven months as mayor. Five candidates ran for mayor in 1941. Blythin and Democrat Frank J. Lausche, a former Common Pleas Court judge, survived the primary. Despite several campaign appearances by Burton, Blythin was unable to mount a colorful campaign and rested mainly on his record of administrative experience. Lausche made an issue out of irregularities in the Utility Department and was able to marshal a strong ethnic vote doe to his Slovenian background. Lausche won the election with fifty-nine percent of the votes cast.

Blythin went on to be elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, a post he held until his death on February 14, 1958.

click here to view the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History entry for Harold H. Burton

click here to view the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History entry for Edward Blythin


Scope and Content

The Harold H. Burton-Edward Blythin Papers, 1933-1941, consist of office files of the mayor of Cleveland containing correspondence, reports, speeches, proclamations, and newspaper clippings, relating to routine administrative matters and topics of special interest. The major portion of the collection originates with Harold H. Burton and includes material from before his election as mayor, his first two terms as mayor, and from that portion of his final term that he served. A much smaller portion of the collection was created during the remaining eleven months of Burton's third term when Blythin served as mayor. During this period, Blythin continued to use the existing files rather than create a separate system. As a consequence, his papers and the Burton papers form a single series for this period, and no attempt has been made to separate them.

This collection will be useful to researchers studying the history of Cleveland, Ohio, and the mayoral administrations of Harold H. Burton and Edward Blythin in the 1930s and early 1940s. Burton's papers provide insights into local government and politics, social and economic problems of the 1930s during the Great Depression, and the expanding needs of the City of Cleveland. A number of files concern labor disputes in Cleveland, including the 1937 Steel Strike. Cleveland's response to the Great Depression occupies an entire series with files on the application of federally funded work relief through the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the difficulties encountered in the distribution of locally funded direct relief. Files from later in the decade foreshadow World War II with files on Burton's appearances before or dealings with the American League Against War and Fascism and the German-American Bund. A series on the Utility Department contains material on the Municipal Electric Light Plant and sewage disposal plants. Of special interest are materials relating to African Americans in Cleveland, including material on the Phillis Wheatley Association, Blythin's plea for increased employment of African Americans in the defense industry, and a file on Olympic champion Jessie Owens' welcome when he returned to Cleveland.


Statement of Arrangement

The collection has been retained in original order and is arranged in six series. Each series is arranged alphabetically by subject and then chronologically.
Series I: Personal Papers of Harold H. Burton
Series II: Mayoral Papers of Harold H. Burton's First Two Terms
Series III: Mayoral Papers of Harold H. Burton's Third Term as Mayor and Edward Blythin's Term as Mayor
Series IV: Utility Department
Series V: Works Progress Administration and Relief
Series VI: Utility Litigation

Restrictions on Access

None.

Related Material

The researcher should also consult MS 3584 Harold H. Burton Papers; MS 4276 Cleveland Mayoral Papers; and PG 114 Harold H. Burton Photographs.

Indexing Terms

The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.

Subjects:

African Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland.
Blythin, Edward, 1884-1958.
Burton, Harold H. (Harold Hitz), 1888-1964.
Cleveland (Ohio) -- Economic conditions.
Cleveland (Ohio) -- Politics and government.
German Americans -- Ohio -- Cleveland.
Labor disputes -- Ohio -- Cleveland.
Public utilities -- Ohio -- Cleveland.
Strikes and lockouts -- Steel industry -- Ohio -- Cleveland.

Preferred Citation

[Container ___, Folder ___ ] MS 3828 Harold H. Burton-Edward Blythin Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, Ohio

Acquisition Information

Transferred by the City of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1976.

Processing Information

Processed by Lawrence J. Baldanza in 1980.

Detailed Description of The Collection

Series I: Personal Papers of Harold H. Burton 1933-1935

Box Folder
1 1 A - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
1 2 American Legion ca. 1933-1935
1 3 American Red Cross, Cleveland Chapter; and Anti-Tuberculosis League ca. 1933-1935
1 4 B - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
1 5 Bowdoin College ca. 1933-1935
1 6-9 Harold H. Burton and Family 1935
1 10 Cleveland Advertising Club 1935
1 11 Cleveland Homes Incorporated ca. 1933-1935
1 12 Cleveland Grays; and Cleveland Police Department ca. 1933-1935
1 13 Cleveland Safety Council 1935
1 14 Clippings: Liquor, Money ca. 1933-1935
1 15 Clippings, Taxation, Miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
1 16 Clippings, Utilities Department ca. 1933-1935
1 17 Congratulations 1935
1 18-21 County Charter Commission 1934-1935
1 22 County Home Rule, Local Committee ca. 1933-1935
1 23-25 County Home Rule, State Committee 1934-1935
1 26 Cull, Fuller, and Laughlin 1935
1 26 C - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
1 27 Delta Kappa Epsilon 1935
1 27 E - miscellaneous; F - miscellaneous; John J. Fenner; First Unitarian Church; Foreign Affairs council; and Foreign Policy Association ca. 1933-1935
1 28 G - miscellaneous; H - miscellaneous; Insurance; J - miscellaneous; and K - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
Box Folder
2 1 Labor articles; Lloyd Bill; L - miscellaneous; Mc - miscellaneous; and Condolences for Father's Death ca. 1933-1935
2 2 Mailing lists; M - miscellaneous; and N - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
2 3 O - miscellaneous; P - miscellaneous; and Politics, miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
2 4 Recipts ca. 1933-1935
2 5-6 Recommendations 1935
2 6 R - miscellaneous; and Salvation Army ca. 1933-1935
2 7-9 Speaking engagements 1935
2 10 Stongsville Grange; Taxation; and T - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935
2 11-12 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) 1935
2 13 U - miscellaneous; V - miscellaneous; Women's City Club; and W - miscellaneous ca. 1933-1935

Series II: Mayoral Papers of Harold H. Burton's First Two Terms 1935-1939

Box Folder
2 14 A - miscellaneous; Acting Director; and Adult Education ca. 1935-1939
2 15 Amateur Boxing; and American Bar Association ca. 1935-1939
2 16 American League Against War and Fascism Congress 1936
2 17-18 American Legion Convention 1935-1937
2 19 American Steel and Wire Company, Employees of the Cuyahoga Works; American Youth Congress; Annexation; Association of Leagues; Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company; and Automobile Mechanics Strike ca. 1935-1939
2 20 B - miscellaneous; and National Businesswoman's Week ca. 1935-1939
2 21 Bigelow Amendment; Boystown; Broadway-East 55th District; Broadway-East 55th Merchant's Association; Frank E. Bubna, In Charge of Federal Relations; Build America; Bureau of Public Relations; CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations); Christmas; City Ice and Fuel Company; and Cleveland Centennial Commission ca. 1935-1939
2 22 Plain Dealer Charity Football Game; Elizabeth Cox; and C - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
2 23-24 Cleveland Chamber of Commerce 1936-1939
2 25 Cleveland Foundation; Cleveland Hospital Service Association; and Cleveland Junior Association of Commerce ca. 1935-1939
Box Folder
3 1 Cleveland Orchestra Citizens Committee; Cleveland Regatta Committee; Cleveland Society for the Blind; Cleveland Unemployment Council; and Cleveland Window Cleaners Opinion ca. 1935-1939
3 2 Come to Cleveland Committee ca. 1935-1939
3 3 Consuls; and Conventions ca. 1935-1939
3 4 Council of State Governments; County Commissioners; County Welfare Levy; Credit Union; Cuyahoga County Conservation; and Cuyahoga County Mayor's Association ca. 1935-1939
3 5 Cuyahoga County Relief Administration ca. 1935-1939
3 6 D - miscellaneous; Daylight Savings; Downtown Improvement Association; Drugstore Strike of 1939; and Dry Cleaning Strike ca. 1935-1939
3 7 E - miscellaneous; Western Reserve Early Settlers Association; Linda Eastman; Electrical Workers Union; Elevator Operators; and Employment Committee ca. 1935-1939
3 8 Evictions; Exchange Students; and Expositions ca. 1935-1939
3 9 F - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
3 10 Farm and City Gardens; and Farm Bureau Electrification Co-operative ca. 1935-1939
3 11 Fisher Body Strike 1937-1938
3 12 Flood Relief; and Food Prices ca. 1935-1939
3 13 Foreign Affairs Council; and List of Foreign Groups ca. 1935-1939
3 14 Form Letters; Forty Hour Week; Fumigant Board; and Fumigation, Licensing Ordinance ca. 1935-1939
3 15 Grand Jury Report; Howard Whipple Green; and Grotto Convention ca. 1935-1939
3 16 Grand Army of the Republic; German-American Bund; German-American League; German Students to Visit Cleveland; German Round Table; and G - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
3 17 H - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
3 18 John Hay; Home Owners Loan Corporation; J. Edgar Hoover Addresses; and Legal Holidays ca. 1935-1939
3 19-20 Housing Committee 1935-1937
3 21-26 National Association of Housing Officers 1935-1939
Box Folder
4 1 Housing, Mayor's Committee; Miscellaneous; I - miscellaneous; Industrial Rayon Corporation; Institute of Municipal Law Officers; J - miscellaneous; K - miscellaneous; and Kangesser Property ca. 1935-1939
4 2 L - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
4 3 Labor Controversies; and Labor Organizations ca. 1935-1939
4 4-6 Lakefront Development 1935-1939
4 7 Honorable Fiorello H. LaGuardia; League of Republican Clubs; League of Women Voters; Legal Aid Society; and Lighthouse Week ca. 1935-1939
4 8 M - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
4 9 Memorial Day; Merchandise Exposition; Milk Strike; Municipal Recodification; and Moral Rearmament ca. 1935-1939
4 10 Municipal Court; Municipal Laborers Union; Murray Hill Road; N - miscellaneous; and National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) ca. 1935-1939
4 11 National Air Races ca. 1935-1939
4 12 National Youth Administration ca. 1935-1939
4 13 Nazi Activities; Neutrality; Newcomers Service; Newspaper Men; and Newspaper Statements ca. 1935-1939
4 14 Newspapers, Foreign; New York Central Claim; and Nu-Enamel Corporation ca. 1935-1939
4 15 New York Central, Proposed Removal of the Accounting Division to Detroit ca. 1935-1939
4 16 New York World's Fair ca. 1935-1939
4 17 Northwest Territory Celebration; O - miscellaneous; and Office Hours ca. 1935-1939
4 18 Ohio league of Municipalities; and Ohio State Bar Association ca. 1935-1939
4 19 Jessie Owens, Olympic Champion ca. 1935-1939
4 20 P - miscellaneous; and Pennsylvania Railroad, Wason Street Station ca. 1935-1939
4 21 Pension System; and Personnel Office ca. 1935-1939
4 22 Picnic in 1939; Phillis Wheatley Association; and Precision Castings Company ca. 1935-1939
4 23 President's Ball; PWA: and Psychiatric Clinic ca. 1935-1939
4 24 R - miscellaneous; Sherwood L. Reeder; Rent Strike; and Residence of City Employees ca. 1935-1939
4 25 Reports, Departmental; and Representatives and State Senators ca. 1935-1939
4 26 Republic Steel, Great Lakes Aircraft Landing Field; and Resignations ca. 1935-1939
Box Folder
5 1 Retirement Letters ca. 1935-1939
5 2 S - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
5 3 Salvation Army Sesquicentennial ca. 1935-1939
5 4 Simmons Manufacturing; and Social Security Act ca. 1935-1939
5 5 Standardization Board; State-City Employment Service; State and County Municipal Workers of America; State Examiner; and State Water Conservation Board ca. 1935-1939
5 6-7 Steel Strike 1937
5 8 Steelworker's Organizing Committee; Stone Knitting Mill; Strike, Public Employees Right To; Robert Taft; Tourism Incorporated; and T - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
5 9 Townsend Plan; Trianon Treaty; Union Label; Union Properties Company; and U - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
5 10-12 United States Conference of Mayors, Electrical Code Committee 1938-1939
5 13-14 United States Conference of Mayors 1939
5 15 University Center Board of Commerce Incorporated; University Free Lectures; Utilities Director; and V - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939
5 16 W - miscellaneous; and Wage Rates ca. 1935-1939
5 17 Veterans' Hospital; Welcome Wagon Service; Wildwood Park Land; and Workers' Alliance ca. 1935-1939
5 18 X - miscellaneous; Y - miscellaneous; and Z - miscellaneous ca. 1935-1939

Series III: Mayoral Papers of Harold H. Burton's Third Term as Mayor and Edward Blythin's Term as Mayor 1938-1941

Box Folder
5 19 A - miscellaneous; Abraham Lincoln; Acting Directors; Aeronautical Laboratory; and Alien Registration ca. 1940-1941
5 20 Aluminum Collection ca. 1940-1941
5 21 Annexation; Anti-Noise; B - miscellaneous; C - miscellaneous; and Cleveland Heights Board of Education ca. 1940-1941
5 22 1940 Census; Central Armory; Central Park; and City Commissioners ca. 1940-1941
5 22-23 Cleveland Chamber of Commerce 1940-1941
5 23-24 Cleveland Community Fund 1940-1941
5 25 Cleveland Convention and Visitors' Bureau ca. 1940-1941
5 26 Cleveland Council of Patriotic and Fraternal Organizations; Cleveland Foundation; Cleveland Junior Chamber of Commerce; Cleveland Regional Geodetic Survey; Coast Artillery; Coast Guard Station; Consuls; and Cuyahoga Mayors' Association ca. 1940-1941
5 27 D - miscellaneous; Decentralization; Elections of 1939 and 1941; Electrical Workers' Union; and Electrical Code Review Board ca. 1940-1941
5 28 East End of the 140th Street Car Line; G - miscellaneous; and Housing ca. 1940-1941
5 28-29 Housing Authority Vacancy, Letters of Recommendation 1940
5 29 Labor Union Relations ca. 1940-1941
5 30 Hubbell Amendment ca. 1940-1941
5 31 Lakefront Airport; Municipal Court; and National Defense ca. 1940-1941
Box Folder
6 1 national Defense; and Negro Workers ca. 1940-1941
6 2 New York Central; O - miscellaneous; Postwar Problems; and Priorities ca. 1940-1941
6 3-4 Proclamations 1939-1941
6 4-5 R - miscellaneous ca. 1940-1941
6 6 Directors' Statements; and Annual Reports 1938-1939
6 7 Annual Reports; Directors' Reports; and Directors' Plans 1940
6 8 Retirement Letters; and Vacation and Sick Leave ca. 1940-1941

Series IV: Utility Department 1933-1941

Box Folder
6 9 Burke Brook ca. 1936-1941
6 9-11 Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company 1938-1941
6 12 Conservancy District Plan; and Free Water ca. 1936-1941
6 13 George B. Gascoigne; and Griffenhagen Associates ca. 1936-1941
6 14 Hillsboro Water Main; and Industrial Need for Raw Water ca. 1936-1941
6 14-18 Municipal Electric Light Plant 1933-1941
6 19 Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company and Municipal Electric Light Plan Newspaper clippings ca. 1936-1941
6 20 Semi-Whiteway Street Lighting ca. 1936-1941
6 20-23 Sewage Disposal Plants 1935-1941
6 24 Steam Shovel Rental; Explosion at Southerly Sewage Disposal Plant; Utilities Commission, Proposed;a nd Water Advisory Board ca. 1936-1941
6 25 Water Rates and Delinquent Accounts; Water Works Employees Union; and West park Sewage ca. 1936-1941
6 25-27 Miscellaneous 1935-1941

Series V: Works Progress Administration and Relief 1935-1939

Box Folder
7 1-11 Works Progress Administration (WPA), correspondence, reports, printed material, and speeches ca. 1935-1939
7 12 Works Progress Administration (WPA), newspaper clippings ca. 1935-1939
7 13-21 Relief, correspondence, reports, printed material, and speeches 1937-1938
Box Folder
8 1-6 Relief, correspondence, reports, printed material, and speeches 1938-1939
8 7-8 Relief, Bills 1937-1939
8 9 Relief, newspaper clippings ca. 1937-1939

Series VI: Utility Litigation 1936-1941

Box Folder
8 10-12 National Bituminous Coal Commission 1937-1941
8 12-13 Re-establishment of Prices 1938
8 13 Mallory Coal Company vs. national Bituminous Coal Commission ca. 1936-1941
8 14-15 City of Cleveland vs. National Bituminous Coal Commission ca. 1936-1941
8 16-20 East Ohio Gas Company vs. City of Cleveland ca. 1936-1941
Box Folder
9 1-4 East Ohio Gas Company vs. City of Cleveland ca. 1936-1941
9 4 Cleveland City Council Utilities Committee, Minutes 1936-1937